Essential Words for the TOEFL

[*زهره*]

encompass ​

v. 1.to surround completely; 2.to include or be concerned with (a wide range of activities, subjects, ideas, etc.);


Syn. include

Her plan of the study encompasses every aspect of computer science.
The course encompasses all the literature of the nineteenth century.
The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.
The course encompasses the whole of English literature since 1850.
a large company whose activities encompass printing, publishing, and computers
The enemy encompassed the city.
Doubts and fears encompassed her.
a thick fog encompassed the building.
the book encompasses a variety of subjects
​

 

[*زهره*]

expansion
​

n. the act of making larger
​

v. expand (to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger)​

adj. expandable(able to be increased or made larger)​

Syn. growth​

Expansion occurs when matter is heated.
The laboratory is expanding its capacity to produce computer chips.
The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems.
an expansion in student numbers.
Metals undergo expansion when heated.
The new factory is large, to allow room for expansion.
the company’s expansion into new markets.


the expansion of the wing of a bird.
the expansion of the country's exports.
Water expands as it freezes.
Sydney's population expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
exercises that expand the chest muscles
The company has expanded its operations in the Midwest by building a new factory in Indiana.
the rapidly expanding market for computers.
an eagle expands its wings.
a deep breath will expand your chest.
in order to expand our exports.
a computer with 4Gb RAM expandable to 128Gb RAM
​

 

[*زهره*]

heighten ​

v. to cause to become greater
​

n. height (1. a very high level of achievement or success 2.a very great level or degree)​

adj. heightened​

Syn. intensify​

A very successful interview can heighten a candidate's chances to get a job.
The public teas in a heightened state of nervousness as the hurricane approached.
to heighten a wall.
As she waited, her excitement heightened.​

The dramatic lighting heightened the effect of the exhibition.
There are fears that the march will heighten racial tension.
Increased levels of fat in the diet could heighten the risk of cancer.
heighten (somebody's) awareness (of something) (=make people realize something more clearly)​

The case has heightened public awareness of the problem.
He reached the dizzy heights of the national finals.
They took ice dancing to new heights .
War fever had reached new heights.
It’s the height of stupidity to go sailing when you can’t swim.
She always dresses in the height of fashion.
at the height of the storm/the tourist season.
when the crisis/the famine was at its height.​

 

[*زهره*]

highlight ​

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v. to emphasize the part of a greater whole, to pick out (something) as an important​

part; throw attention onto:​

n. highlight (the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of something such​

as a holiday, performance, or sports competition)​

Syn. emphasize​

The manual highlights basic operation of the videotape player.
The final goal was the highlight of the game.
facts that highlight the need for change
Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.
Use the cursor to highlight the name of the document you want to print.
Recorded highlights of today’s big football game will be shown after the news.
That weekend in Venice was definitely the highlight of our trip.
At 11.30 we'll be showing highlights from the Third Round of the FA Cup.
the highlights of her speech.
the highlight of our trip was the visit to Takht- Jamsheed.​

 

[*زهره*]

inadvertently ​

​

​

adv. by accident; without paying attention;​

adj. inadvertent (without realizing what you are doing)​

Syn. carelessly, accidentally​

The reporters had inadvertently failed to include the name of one of the dignitaries.
His inadvertent calculation caused him to derive the wrong answer.
In a panic, I inadvertently pushed the accelerator instead of the brake.​

He inadvertently knocked over the bowl of flowers.
Viruses can be spread inadvertently by email users.
Robinson's name was inadvertently omitted from the list.
inadvertent exposure to chemicals.
an inadvertent mistake.​

 

[*زهره*]

inadvertently ​

​

​

adv. by accident; without paying attention;​

adj. inadvertent (without realizing what you are doing)​

Syn. carelessly, accidentally​

The reporters had inadvertently failed to include the name of one of the dignitaries.
His inadvertent calculation caused him to derive the wrong answer.
In a panic, I inadvertently pushed the accelerator instead of the brake.​

He inadvertently knocked over the bowl of flowers.
Viruses can be spread inadvertently by email users.
Robinson's name was inadvertently omitted from the list.
inadvertent exposure to chemicals.
an inadvertent mistake.​

 

[*زهره*]

inevitable


adj. something that cannot be prevented from happening, certain to happen:

adv. inevitably

n. inevitability

Syn. unavoidable

When two weather systems meet, unsettled weather conditions are inevitable.
The inevitability of the outcome made the challenge less exciting.
A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable.

it is inevitable (that)
It's inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake.
inevitable consequence/result Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living conditions.
death is the inevitable end of life.
his defeat is inevitable.
those agressive acts made war inevitable.
an inevitable result.

A confrontation was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.
They reached the inevitable conclusion that the money must have been stolen.
the inevitable consequences of his actions.
Given the current financial situation, it was inevitable that the dollar would be devalued.
He was, inevitably, upset by her departure, but he soon got over it.
The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions.
Inevitably, the situation did not please everyone.
the inevitability of death.​

 

[*زهره*]

infancy

​

n. in the beginning stages of development, the period of a child's life before they can walk or talk

adj. infantile (1.childish, 2.relating to or affecting babies and very young children, 3.at its beginning)

n. infant (a baby or very young child esp. one who has not learned to speak or walk


Syn. beginning

The new theory is in its infancy and will be thoroughly tested by its critics.
Certain head injuries can cause infantile behavior.
The research stretched from the infancy of radio broadcasting through to today. Genetic engineering is still in its infancy.
The company is still only in its infancy.
during the infancy of our country.
at that time, electrical engineering was in its infancy .
In the past, many children died in infancy.
she went blind during her infancy
have you forgotten your infancy when you were helpless in my arms?

infantile jokes.
infantile humor.
infantile diseases .
His behavior is appallingly infantile! (=foolishly childlike).
the groom's behavior was very infantile.
An infant's skin is very sensitive.
a high rate of infant mortality (=the rate at which babies die).
when he was still an infant, his father died .
they teach mothers infant care.
​

 

[*زهره*]

miraculously
​

adv. caused by something that cannot be explained by the laws of nature.


adj. miraculous (1. a miraculous action or event is believed to be caused by God, and is impossible according to the ordinary laws of nature2. very good, completely unexpected, and often very lucky )

n. miracle (1.an action done by esp. a holy person that is impossible according to the ordinary laws of nature 2. a wonderful unexpected event

Syn. astonishingly

Miraculously, he was unharmed after being hit by lightning.
Given the extent of her injuries, it is almost a miracle that she is still alive.
Miraculously, no one was killed.
It was a terrible explosion but, miraculously, no one was killed.

miraculous powers of healing.
a miraculous escape/recovery
the miraculous birth of that prophet .
She made a miraculous recovery from her injuries.
They had a miraculous escape when their car plunged into a river.
the miraculous curative powers of penicillin.
his miraculous escape from prison.

a prophet who performed miracles .
Mohammad worked/performed many miracles, such as Its book, Quran.
It’s a miracle you weren’t killed!
It’ll need a miracle to save the company from ruin.
an economic miracle.
the miracles of modern science.
a miracle cure.
Do you believe in miracles?

There is no miracle cure for diabetes.
Maybe you should try yoga - it worked miracles for me. (work/perform miracles:
to have a very good effect or achieve a very good result )
It's a miracle you weren't killed!
By some miracle, we managed to catch the plane.
the economic miracle of the 1950s.
She's our miracle baby.
small/minor miracle (=something lucky but not very important)
The fence's survival in these winds seems like a minor miracle.​

 

[*زهره*]

retrieve
​

v. to find and bring back, regain


adj. retrieve

n. retrieval(the act or process of retrieving)

Syn. recover


Will Detroit retrieve its status as the car manufacturing center of the world?
This computerized information retrieval system is the most up-to-date system
available.
I went and retrieved the bag I had left on the train.
This computer can retrieve stored information in a matter of seconds.
Wreckage from the crashed plane was retrieved from the ocean
She bent down to retrieve her earring.

It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.
The new version of the software automatically retrieves digital information.
to retrieve data from a disk.
she retrieved her position of leadership.
I retrieved his address from the files.

in the beginning he lost money, but he finally retrieved his initial capital.
the process of getting back information stored on a computer system.
a new system that should speed up information retrieval.

The court ordered the retrieval of the confiscated funds.
a computerized retrieval system that will enable you to find the information you want within a few seconds.
I’m afraid the situation is beyond/past retrieval. (=cannot now be put right).
the organization and retrieval of information.
lost without any hope of retrieval.
a new system that should speed up information retrieval.​

 

[*زهره*]

systematically

adv. done according to a plan
adj. systematic (based on orderly methods and careful organization; thorough


n. system

Syn. methodically​

The plan was developed systematically by a team of experts.
Systematic changes in foreign policy have been proposed.
a systematic approach/way/method
a systematic approach to solving the problem.
a systematic way of organizing your work.
a systematic study of the causes of the Korean war.
The way he works isn’t very systematic.
The police made a systematic search of the building.
​

 

[*زهره*]

unlikely
​

adj. not probable, not expected; improbable:

Syn. Doubtful

—opposite likely

Rain is unlikely during the summer.
It is unlikely that he will want to attend the conference.
He may come, but it’s very unlikely.
It’s unlikely that the thieves will ever be caught. They’re unlikely to marry.
rain is unlikely in July.
his success seemed very unlikely.
Donna might be able to come tomorrow, but it's very unlikely .
The weather is unlikely to improve over the next few days.

in the unlikely event of something (=if something which is unlikely happens)
In the unlikely event of a fire, passengers should move to the top deck.
A small amount of the drug is unlikely to have any harmful effects.
It's highly unlikely that Burton will be the party's nominee.
It is unlikely that anyone saw the attack.
​

She might come with us, but it's fairly unlikely.
Students invent all sorts of unlikely explanations as to why they can't do their homework.
That sounds a pretty unlikely story to me!
he may, not unlikely (likely), join us
​

 

[*زهره*]

unwarranted
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adj. unwelcome, without good reason or cause; inappropriate
Syn. unjustified

His negative reaction was unwarranted.
The motorist felt that the ticket for the infraction was unwarranted.
an unwarranted intrusion into our private affairs.
unwarranted interference.
his actions were completely unwarranted.​

 

[*زهره*]

zenith

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n. the highest point

Syn. Apex, peak

ￚopposite nadir

He reached the zenith of his profession at a very young age.
The publication of the book represented the zenith of his career.
The Persian Empire reached its zenith of efficiency under Darius.
Opera reached its zenith at the turn of the century.
Wilson's career reached its zenith in 1978.
​

 

[shina88]

چرا ادامه ندادین؟؟!!

 

[Persia1]

سلام

با اجازه ی زهره جون یه سری جدید لغات برای تافل اینترنتی میذارم تو همین تاپیک

[h=1]Barron's Essential Words For The TOEFL ibt[/h]منبع
http://quizlet.com

 

[Persia1]

absurd
adj. clearly false; without reason

syn. ridiculous


adv. absurdly
n. absurdity
​

 

[Persia1]

accentuate
v. to highlight; to give more importance to

syn. emphasize


adj. accentuated
n. accentuation
​

 

[Persia1]

agitate
v. to shake or move; to cause worry

syn. disturb


n. agitation
n. agitator
​

 

[Persia1]

allocation
n. a share; a part set aside for a special purpose; an assignment of portions

syn. distribution


adj. allocated
v. allocate
​

 

[Persia1]

amenity
n. something that makes life easier or more enjoyable

syn. convenience
​

 

[Persia1]

ample
adj. more than enough

syn. sufficient


adv. amly
​

 

[Persia1]

antiquated
adj. too old to be presently useful; outmoded

syn. old-fashioned


n. antique
​

 

[Persia1]

arid
adj. being of little rain or water

syn. dry
​

 

[Persia1]

avert
v. to stop from occurring; to turn away or aside

syn. prevent


n. aversion
adj. avertable
​

 

[Persia1]

balanced
adj. a state where everything is of the same size or weight; an element on one side that counters an equal element on the other

syn. equalized


v. balance
n. balance
​

 

[Persia1]

benefit
v. to be useful or helpful

syn. assist


adv. beneficially
adj. beneficial
n. benefit
n. beneficiary
​

 

[Persia1]

bituib
b. an idea, belief, or opinion

syn. concept
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[Persia1]

blind
adj. unable to see or understand; to conceal; showing poor judgment or understanding

syn. unaware


adv. blindly
n. blindness
​

 

[Persia1]

broaden
v. to make larger or greater

syn. enlarge


adv. broadly
adj. broad
n. breadth
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