Hi my Friends سلام دوستان گلم...!
یه مقاله مختصر برای رفقایی که متن زبان اصلی دوست دارن ؛ امیدوارم مورد توجه قرار بگیره
سورس اصلی هم آورده شده کسی خواس مراجعه کنه...
آدرس وبلاگ هم مال خودمه... خوشحال میشم نظراتتونو ببینم یاعلی
..........
The role of nanomaterials in modern technologies
The role of nanomaterials inmodern technologies is becoming increasingly significant because of thefeasibility and ease of adding new functions to the existing commercialproducts, apart form products made completely from nanomaterials through thebulk, which is relatively difficult.
Nanomaterials are usuallycharacterized by a feature size of less than 100 nm at least in one dimension.Recently in April 2010, US EPA has announced a new working definition ofnanomaterials as “an ingredient that contains particles that have beenintentionally produced to have at least one dimension that measures betweenapproximately 1 and 100 nanometers” in order to facilitate the implementationof regulations on use of nanomaterials in commercial products. The expectationson nanomaterials are enormous as their unique mechanical, optical, electrical,magnetic, thermal and catalytical properties make them special ingredients fornumber of applications. The market for nanotechnology over the years has notmatched the initial hype that was based on the expectation that thenanotechnology based products will permeate through every industrial sector.Nevertheless, the market for nanotechnology products has grown significantlyespecially in the consumer products area.
The successfulcommercialization of nanomaterials is possible only when the materialproduction and application development proceeds in parallel with each other.Often, material production is a challenging process although it looks simplefrom the synthesis point of view. This is because the surface functionalitiesof nanoparticles have to be tailored keeping in mind the application. Forexample, through surface modification, a number of properties of nanoparticleslike dispersability in a suspension, compactability during subsequentconsolidation, colour in case of metal and semiconductor quantum dots andcompatibility with the matrix material in the case of nanocomposites can bealtered and often dramatically. Thus, in real practice, multiple synthesistechniques have to be evaluated for each application, leave alone for differentapplications. Additional challenges in large scale synthesis includeconsistency in product quality, cost of raw material and equipment, yield ofthe product, safety of the process, waste disposal and environmental issues.
When it comes toapplication development, many of the proven technologies based on nanomaterialsare related to health products, including water filters, medical textiles,osmetics and drug delivery. Unlike USA, Europe and Japan, the Indian industrieshave started looking at nanotechnology only recently as a solution for theirproblems. Big companies like Reliance Industries, Tata Chemicals, Mahindra,Ashok Leyland, Asian Paints, Crompton Greaves have initiated programmes onnanomaterials on their own or in collaboration with academic/R&Dinstitutions. Many of companies work on application of nanomaterials for valueaddition to their products but they purchase nanomaterials from abroad at highcost as the availability of nanomaterials in India is limited. Only very fewinstitutes and industries are making efforts to develop scalable synthesisprocesses for mass scale production of nanomaterials. For example,International Advanced Research Centre for powder metallurgy and new materials(ARCI), an autonomous institute of DST, has taken up the responsibility of
developing the synthesisprocesses for nanomaterials which are not only scalable for mass production butalso are application specific. ARCI established the Centre for Nanomaterials in2003 with a mandate of acquiring the capability of producing nanomaterials ofall kinds including, metals, alloys, oxides, carbides, phosphates and nitrides.ARCI has started its nanomaterials activity by setting up processes that rangefrom lab scale to small scale of material up to 100 gm/h or 100 ml/batch scale.The close interaction of Indian companies encouraged ARCI to set up facilitiesat pilot level production for metals, alloys, oxides, carbides and phosphates.
ARCI has selected onlythose application areas for nanomaterials wherein either the Indian market isvery large in the world context or which are unique/specific to India. Examplesof the former include textile markets and auto related products, while thehealth, drinking water are examples of the latter. The technologies are eitherhome grown or industry demand driven. ARCI has already transferred two healthrelated nanosilver based technologies successfully to Indian companies in theareas of drinking water disinfection and antibacterial textiles. In addition,two technologies related to energy sector namely lightining arrestors(varistors) and Oxide dispersed strengthended (ODS) steel have been made readyfor application. Photocatalytic self-cleaning TiO2 coating technology isunderdevelopment for environ mental applications.
While nanomaterial basedtechnology development is becoming very compitative, serious attention has tobe paid in the safety and toxicology issues of nanomaterial both duringsynthesis and application development. ARCI takes much care in the design and selectionof the equipment as well as in handling of the nanomaterials with greatemphasis on avoiding inhalation, ingestion and skin contact of nanomaterials.Learning lessons from Samsung washing machine, which releases ionic silver intoenvironment along with the rinsed water, the applications at ARCI are chosen insuch a way that the nano particles are strongly immobilized on the substrates,embedded in the matrix or incorporated seamlessly in the form of bulk componentor coatings.
Biography of Dr. Tata N. Rao:
Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao was bornin India in 1963. He received his Ph. D degree in Chemistryfrom Banaras HinduUniversity, India in 1994. After working at IIT Madras as Research Associate,he moved to The University of Tokyo in 1996 as a JSPS post doctoral fellow andsubsequently became an Assistant Professor in the same University in 2001. Hejoined International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and NewMaterials (ARCI) in Hyderabad, India, in 2003 as senior scientist and presentlyhe is Scientist F and Head of Centre for Nanomaterials at ARCI. He is alsoguest faculty at IIT Hyderabad and University of Hyderabad. He is recipient ofMaterial Research Society of India (MRSI) medal in 2009. He has published 80research papers in International Journals, filed 15 Indian as well asinternational patents, written few book chapters and edited a book on DiamondElectrochemistry. His research interests include, photoelectrochemistry,conductive diamond electrodes for sensor applications, large scale synthesis ofnanomaterials for energy, health and environmental applications.
Nanomaterials are usuallycharacterized by a feature size of less than 100 nm at least in one dimension.Recently in April 2010, US EPA has announced a new working definition ofnanomaterials as “an ingredient that contains particles that have beenintentionally produced to have at least one dimension that measures betweenapproximately 1 and 100 nanometers” in order to facilitate the implementationof regulations on use of nanomaterials in commercial products. The expectationson nanomaterials are enormous as their unique mechanical, optical, electrical,magnetic, thermal and catalytical properties make them special ingredients fornumber of applications. The market for nanotechnology over the years has notmatched the initial hype that was based on the expectation that thenanotechnology based products will permeate through every industrial sector.Nevertheless, the market for nanotechnology products has grown significantlyespecially in the consumer products area.
The successfulcommercialization of nanomaterials is possible only when the materialproduction and application development proceeds in parallel with each other.Often, material production is a challenging process although it looks simplefrom the synthesis point of view. This is because the surface functionalitiesof nanoparticles have to be tailored keeping in mind the application. Forexample, through surface modification, a number of properties of nanoparticleslike dispersability in a suspension, compactability during subsequentconsolidation, colour in case of metal and semiconductor quantum dots andcompatibility with the matrix material in the case of nanocomposites can bealtered and often dramatically. Thus, in real practice, multiple synthesistechniques have to be evaluated for each application, leave alone for differentapplications. Additional challenges in large scale synthesis includeconsistency in product quality, cost of raw material and equipment, yield ofthe product, safety of the process, waste disposal and environmental issues.
When it comes toapplication development, many of the proven technologies based on nanomaterialsare related to health products, including water filters, medical textiles,osmetics and drug delivery. Unlike USA, Europe and Japan, the Indian industrieshave started looking at nanotechnology only recently as a solution for theirproblems. Big companies like Reliance Industries, Tata Chemicals, Mahindra,Ashok Leyland, Asian Paints, Crompton Greaves have initiated programmes onnanomaterials on their own or in collaboration with academic/R&Dinstitutions. Many of companies work on application of nanomaterials for valueaddition to their products but they purchase nanomaterials from abroad at highcost as the availability of nanomaterials in India is limited. Only very fewinstitutes and industries are making efforts to develop scalable synthesisprocesses for mass scale production of nanomaterials. For example,International Advanced Research Centre for powder metallurgy and new materials(ARCI), an autonomous institute of DST, has taken up the responsibility of
developing the synthesisprocesses for nanomaterials which are not only scalable for mass production butalso are application specific. ARCI established the Centre for Nanomaterials in2003 with a mandate of acquiring the capability of producing nanomaterials ofall kinds including, metals, alloys, oxides, carbides, phosphates and nitrides.ARCI has started its nanomaterials activity by setting up processes that rangefrom lab scale to small scale of material up to 100 gm/h or 100 ml/batch scale.The close interaction of Indian companies encouraged ARCI to set up facilitiesat pilot level production for metals, alloys, oxides, carbides and phosphates.
ARCI has selected onlythose application areas for nanomaterials wherein either the Indian market isvery large in the world context or which are unique/specific to India. Examplesof the former include textile markets and auto related products, while thehealth, drinking water are examples of the latter. The technologies are eitherhome grown or industry demand driven. ARCI has already transferred two healthrelated nanosilver based technologies successfully to Indian companies in theareas of drinking water disinfection and antibacterial textiles. In addition,two technologies related to energy sector namely lightining arrestors(varistors) and Oxide dispersed strengthended (ODS) steel have been made readyfor application. Photocatalytic self-cleaning TiO2 coating technology isunderdevelopment for environ mental applications.
While nanomaterial basedtechnology development is becoming very compitative, serious attention has tobe paid in the safety and toxicology issues of nanomaterial both duringsynthesis and application development. ARCI takes much care in the design and selectionof the equipment as well as in handling of the nanomaterials with greatemphasis on avoiding inhalation, ingestion and skin contact of nanomaterials.Learning lessons from Samsung washing machine, which releases ionic silver intoenvironment along with the rinsed water, the applications at ARCI are chosen insuch a way that the nano particles are strongly immobilized on the substrates,embedded in the matrix or incorporated seamlessly in the form of bulk componentor coatings.
Biography of Dr. Tata N. Rao:
Dr. Tata Narasinga Rao was bornin India in 1963. He received his Ph. D degree in Chemistryfrom Banaras HinduUniversity, India in 1994. After working at IIT Madras as Research Associate,he moved to The University of Tokyo in 1996 as a JSPS post doctoral fellow andsubsequently became an Assistant Professor in the same University in 2001. Hejoined International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and NewMaterials (ARCI) in Hyderabad, India, in 2003 as senior scientist and presentlyhe is Scientist F and Head of Centre for Nanomaterials at ARCI. He is alsoguest faculty at IIT Hyderabad and University of Hyderabad. He is recipient ofMaterial Research Society of India (MRSI) medal in 2009. He has published 80research papers in International Journals, filed 15 Indian as well asinternational patents, written few book chapters and edited a book on DiamondElectrochemistry. His research interests include, photoelectrochemistry,conductive diamond electrodes for sensor applications, large scale synthesis ofnanomaterials for energy, health and environmental applications.
Source : https://www.iith.ac.in
WebCompiler : parsayaan.blogfa.com
میثم مسعودیان همدان لیسانس متالورژی
Text selection : MEYSAM MASOUDIAN HAMED
WebCompiler : parsayaan.blogfa.com
میثم مسعودیان همدان لیسانس متالورژی
Text selection : MEYSAM MASOUDIAN HAMED
آخرین ویرایش: