Natural and Wood Fibre Reinforcement in Polymers (Rapra Review Reports) by A., K. Bledzki, V., E. Sperber, and O. Faru
Publisher: Smithers Rapra Technology | August 1, 2002 | ISBN: 1859573592 | Pages: 156 | PDF | 2.26 MB
Contents
1. Survey of Natural Fibre Composites ..................................................................................................... 3
2. Cellulose Based Fibres ............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Description of Fibres ...................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Natural Fibres ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Wood Fibres ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.3 Man-Made Cellulosic Fibres .............................................................................................. 9
2.1.4 Nanofibres .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Structure and Chemical Constituents of Fibres .............................................................................. 9
2.2.1 Cellulose ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.2 Lignin ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Further Components ......................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Mechanical ....................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Physical ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3.3 Chemical ........................................................................................................................... 15
3. Methods of Surface Treatment of Natural and Wood Fibres ............................................................ 15
3.1 Physical Methods .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 Corona Treatment ............................................................................................................. 15
3.1.2 Cold Plasma Treatment .................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Chemical Methods ........................................................................................................................ 15
3.2.1 Change of Surface Tension ............................................................................................... 16
3.2.2 Impregnation of Fibres ..................................................................................................... 16
3.2.3 Mercerisation .................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.4 Chemical Coupling ........................................................................................................... 18
4. Processing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Plastics ................................................................................ 19
4.1 Thermoplastics .............................................................................................................................. 19
4.1.1 Extrusion ........................................................................................................................... 19
4.1.2 Injection Moulding ........................................................................................................... 20
4.1.3 Compression Moulding .................................................................................................... 20
4.1.4 Express Process ................................................................................................................ 20
4.1.5 Mixing .............................................................................................................................. 21
4.2 Thermosets ................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2.1 Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM)...................................................................................... 21
4.2.2 Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) ................................................................................. 22
5. Properties of Natural and Wood Fibre Composites ........................................................................... 22
5.1 Mechanical Properties .................................................................................................................. 22
5.1.1 Tensile Properties ............................................................................................................. 22
5.1.2 Flexural Properties ........................................................................................................... 23
5.1.3 Impact Properties .............................................................................................................. 23
5.2 Physical Properties ........................................................................................................................ 24
5.2.1 Water Absorption .............................................................................................................. 24
5.2.2 Swelling ............................................................................................................................ 25
5.2.3 Moisture Content .............................................................................................................. 26
5.3 Biological Properties .................................................................................................................... 26
5.3.1 Fungi ................................................................................................................................ 27
5.3.2 Bacteria ............................................................................................................................. 27
6. Biologically Degradable Composite Materials ................................................................................... 27
7. Applications of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymers.......................................................................... 28
7.1 Automotive Applications .............................................................................................................. 28
7.2 Building Applications ................................................................................................................... 28
7.3 Furniture and Panels ..................................................................................................................... 29
7.4 Aerospace Applications ................................................................................................................ 29
7.5 Others ........................................................................................................................................... 29
8. Recent Developments in Natural and Wood Fibre Reinforcement of Polymers ............................. 29
9. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Additional References .................................................................................................................................. 31
Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 32
Abstracts from the Polymer Library Database .......................................................................................... 33
Subject Index .............................................................................................................................................. 135
1. Survey of Natural Fibre Composites ..................................................................................................... 3
2. Cellulose Based Fibres ............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Description of Fibres ...................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Natural Fibres ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Wood Fibres ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.3 Man-Made Cellulosic Fibres .............................................................................................. 9
2.1.4 Nanofibres .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Structure and Chemical Constituents of Fibres .............................................................................. 9
2.2.1 Cellulose ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.2 Lignin ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Further Components ......................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Mechanical ....................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Physical ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3.3 Chemical ........................................................................................................................... 15
3. Methods of Surface Treatment of Natural and Wood Fibres ............................................................ 15
3.1 Physical Methods .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.1 Corona Treatment ............................................................................................................. 15
3.1.2 Cold Plasma Treatment .................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Chemical Methods ........................................................................................................................ 15
3.2.1 Change of Surface Tension ............................................................................................... 16
3.2.2 Impregnation of Fibres ..................................................................................................... 16
3.2.3 Mercerisation .................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.4 Chemical Coupling ........................................................................................................... 18
4. Processing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Plastics ................................................................................ 19
4.1 Thermoplastics .............................................................................................................................. 19
4.1.1 Extrusion ........................................................................................................................... 19
4.1.2 Injection Moulding ........................................................................................................... 20
4.1.3 Compression Moulding .................................................................................................... 20
4.1.4 Express Process ................................................................................................................ 20
4.1.5 Mixing .............................................................................................................................. 21
4.2 Thermosets ................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2.1 Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM)...................................................................................... 21
4.2.2 Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) ................................................................................. 22
5. Properties of Natural and Wood Fibre Composites ........................................................................... 22
5.1 Mechanical Properties .................................................................................................................. 22
5.1.1 Tensile Properties ............................................................................................................. 22
5.1.2 Flexural Properties ........................................................................................................... 23
5.1.3 Impact Properties .............................................................................................................. 23
5.2 Physical Properties ........................................................................................................................ 24
5.2.1 Water Absorption .............................................................................................................. 24
5.2.2 Swelling ............................................................................................................................ 25
5.2.3 Moisture Content .............................................................................................................. 26
5.3 Biological Properties .................................................................................................................... 26
5.3.1 Fungi ................................................................................................................................ 27
5.3.2 Bacteria ............................................................................................................................. 27
6. Biologically Degradable Composite Materials ................................................................................... 27
7. Applications of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymers.......................................................................... 28
7.1 Automotive Applications .............................................................................................................. 28
7.2 Building Applications ................................................................................................................... 28
7.3 Furniture and Panels ..................................................................................................................... 29
7.4 Aerospace Applications ................................................................................................................ 29
7.5 Others ........................................................................................................................................... 29
8. Recent Developments in Natural and Wood Fibre Reinforcement of Polymers ............................. 29
9. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Additional References .................................................................................................................................. 31
Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 32
Abstracts from the Polymer Library Database .......................................................................................... 33
Subject Index .............................................................................................................................................. 135
